Transition from Highschool to University Essay

Transition from Highschool to University Essay Transition of first year students into the university can be difficult for some students as they are required to adapt into a new environment and learning styles that is different from what they have learned during their previous years in school. This report will provide a discussion about the issues affecting the transition of first year students into university life using the topics discussed in FAP101 and other related texts. There are different issues identified in this report and recommendations have also been provided in order to help students in their first year in university and also to help institutions to help their students adapt into university environments and learning styles.These recommendations are as follows; It is essential for universities to introduce or update orientation programs for students before starting university. Institutions should let the students know about the workloads, the assessment styles and writing conventions during the orientation week. It is also important for the institutions to provide highly trained tutors that can work with students to help them with their problems or uncertainty about the topics in a particular course subject. Some students feel more comfortable when they have more friends that go to the same university as them. Students should be aware of workloads and different styles of assessments and also with writing conventions. Before commencing into university, as a student you are also able to attend open days, even during your HSC year, most universities are already organising open days for new students to give more information to students about the institutions and what to expect. Introduction Making a transition of first year students into academic life at an Australian tertiary institution can be one of the most challenging experiences. It is challenging not only in terms of academic purposes but also as it is the stage in students life where they will most likely to experience emotional, financial and social problems. As a student of tertiary school there will be huge adjustments that will have to be made by students such as adjustments to new learning and teaching styles, assessments styles and writing practices. Despite it all, transition to university life can be challenging to some students yet it is still a very awarding experience they will ever have. 2. Definition Transition is simply defined as moving from one level to another, it is a process and not an event in which it symbolise change, it can be seen as a motion from familiar into unfamiliar (Levin, 1987), for example environment. Transition of first year students is defined as moving up from high school into tertiary levels, changes that all first year students entering university has to tackle on. Student transition is also describes as a category of transitional changes that is needed for students in entering academic life in universities, it is a process of moving from one community to another (Tinto,1988). The students relationship with tertiary education is not the same as the one they had in primary or secondary. University has a more complex and comprehensive environment than secondary schools, and many students give up their closeness with their families, friends, and home to cope within the university life for a few years. The students transition is all about the students dealing with the whole university life and not just simply the university as formal and more academic institutions. Students have to adjust into a new learning styles and new surroundings, also with the people in the institutions they will be interacting with during their university life. The students will be likely to deal with a whole form of challenges during their period of time studying in university: social, personal and intellectual. These transitions are sometimes spoken out in high schools or during the last year of high school to give students a picture of how university will be like for them when they enter it but the truth is that some can be true but many are not. 3. STUDENTS TRANSITION Anthropologist Van Gennep, Tinto (1988) has stated that the cycle of entering the university moves through three distinct stages separation, transition and incorporation. 3.1 Separation during the separation stage, student will require to disconnect their selves from their connections of prior relationships with communities such as high school or home environments or anything that are atleast less stressful in order to adapt university life. 3.2 Transition students will find themselves interacting to other people with a completely new environment and learning strategies, and in order to make connections they have to blend in. During the transition stage, students have not quite accomplished the separation stage and still not obtained the academic and social interaction with the new stage of their learning. As Anthropologist Van Gennep, Tinto proposed, it is the stage where the process of moving from one community to another is taking place and he also said that this stage can be more or less stressful and difficult for some students. The first two stages is where students are often in greater risk of dropping out from their courses (Hillman, 2005) 3.3 Incorporation means inclusion, it is the final stage of the model that has been proposed by Tinto. It is the stage where students face difficulties in adopting the standards suitable to the new environment or setting, and in this case, it is the university or any tertiary levels. In order to accomplish this stage, students have to allocate contacts with different members from the institutions to set up social and academic connections. 4. ISSUES AFFECTING STUDENTS TRANSITION There are three identified main sections in which transition can be problematic, they are as follows; students anxiety, adjustment processes, and the continuity with respect to the curriculum (Hargreaves, et al 1996). Although they only have studied primary and secondary transitions, it is also identified that their findings are also relevant to other contexts such as the university or in the workplace. People tend to worry their selves when entering a new stage of their life, just like how students worry when entering university life. This can be a big problem when all they think about is the negative sides. The second section is the adjustment processes, as a new university students, you will have to adjust to the new environment and new learning styles. Continuity with respect to subject course studies can be problematic because some people are not aware of the difference of the subject studied in high school and universities, in terms of workloads and assessments style. If these problems that have been stated by Hargreaves, Earl and Ryan (1996) continued, this could lead to withdrawal or dropping out of a student from university studies. 4.1 Expectations of students prior to commencement During the final year of secondary school, most institutions chose to expose the students into basic academic strategies. It is to help supplement their students learning in to more academic stage to give them a basic image of how university will be like when they get to tertiary levels but despite it all, it is not enough. Most students have failed to adapt the academic transition when they enter university because they only have a basic knowledge about university life. The most common expectations first year students have of university life are as follows: -having fun during their studies, -meeting new people and making friends with them, Freedom that they never had during secondary studies. -more interesting subjects When students start their first few weeks in the university, they will find that the expectations theyve had prior to commencing university studies are actually the other way around. It is actually difficult to make friends, and that they will find out that there are much heavier workloads than they have expected during their high school life, and more. 4.2 The most common issues faced by first year student Are the following: fitting in to the new environment, most students undertaking their first year at the university are having hard times fitting into the new environment. University campuses are wide and groups of buildings can be associated with the institutions. Finding rooms can be a real hassle especially when the university is consists of different buildings. -making new friends, most students often start their first year at the university excited in making friends and meeting new people but sometimes, university is not described as a friendly place, as more students going to the university are more focus on their academic life than their social life. -University workload, this is one of the issues that cause a student to withdraw and give up their studies. It is because of their lack of confidence and usually these types of students are the ones who do not know how to manage their time for every subject which ended them up of leaving behind their study course. 5. CONCLUSION First year at universities are highly important in students life as they are now entering a different and a higher stage of education, it is significant yet its very challenging. Making the transition to academic life at an Australian university can be one of the most difficult and challenging experiences faces by first year students. Transition to the university life have also been one of the reasons why some students withdraws from their study, as they have experienced hard times or lack of self confidence to tackle the new stage of education. In order for students to achieved this stage of their life many institutions have introduced programs to help students and encourage them on how to be more focused in their studies and how to overcome the issues discussed in this report. 6. RECOMMENDATIONS It is essential for universities to introduce or update orientation programs for students before starting university. Institutions should provide a culture of university and also give the students advice in entering the university. It is also the students responsible to research information about the university they are planning to enroll in, in order to have knowledge about it when starting their tertiary education. Institutions should let the students know about the workloads, the assessment styles and writing conventions during the orientation week, so students can learn how to manage their times prior to commencing university studies. It is also a good idea for institutions to provide programs during the orientation week for first years students to get to know each other It is also important for the institutions to provide highly trained tutors that can work with students to help them with their problems or uncertainty about the topics in a particular course subject. Also a highly trained counsellor to help students with their problems outside university life, such as family problems and help them assist and overcome these issues to maintain the grades. Some students feel more comfortable when they have more friends that go to the same university as them. In order to make new friends and get the ability to get to know other people from the university, you have to be friendly to them and enhance your communication skills. Respect others if you want them to respect you too. Students should be aware of workloads and different styles of assessments and also with writing conventions. Students also have to be aware that entering a tertiary stage means that they have to be thinking more critically and more academic as they are now treated as adult. They should also be aware that lecturers are not as reliable as the teachers you had in high school, they expect you to be acting and thinking academically. Before commencing into university, as a student you are also able to attend open days, even during your HSC year, most universities are already organising open days for new students to give more information to students about the institutions and what to expect.

Domestic violence

Article Critique My article Is about the NFG football player Ray Rice who was caught on video surveillance beating up his fiancà ©Ã‚ ©e viscously until she fell unconscious. In the article it explains that sadly, the NFG has dealt with many domestic violence cases Just as bad as this one. In the criminal case, he can avoid prosecution and a criminal record by completing the pre-trial intervention program. Most people who do such an offence wouldn't be given this option to do instead.Many people believe that since he is professional athlete, he is able to go around the justice system in favor for himself. â€Å"Joana Rice has been supportive of her husband and criticized his indefinite suspension by the NFG†. I chose this quote because I found it very shocking that his fiancà ©Ã‚ ©e that was beaten up by Ray Rice is defending him and accusing the media for getting into their private lives. She is probably doing this out of fear from him.This relates to our Families In Canada class because It shows us what an abusive legislations Is and how the man thinks he Is more dominant then the woman. The mall reason why I chose this article was that It shocked me that his flan ©e was defending him after the incident and said the media should leave them alone. I also chose it because I know this is a regular issue in professional sports. Incidents like this happen a couple times a year and mainly in the NFG. To conclude this article teaches me that this is a bad example for information for parents and families.Class Question: Why do you think Ray Rice's fiancà ©Ã‚ ©e defended him after an incident like this? By: Matthew Tomato's RAY RICE By animators My article is about the NFG football player Ray Rice who was caught on video he is professional athlete, he is able to go around the Justice system in favor for relates to our Families in Canada class because it shows us what an abusive relationship is and how the man thinks he is more dominant then the woman. The m ain reason why I chose this article was that it shocked me that his fiancà ©Ã‚ ©e was Domestic Violence â€Å"A violence that occurs between partners in an intimate relationship such as marriage, or cohabitation – to live together as husband and wife, usually without legal or religious sanction. † That's how dictionary. com describes spousal abuse. But to me, spousal abuse is when one person in a marriage sanctified relationship verbally, mentally, emotionally, or physically abuses the other person in the relationship. Many people view domestic violence as only happening to specific races, ethnicities, class, education level or age of the abuser but, surprising to many, it occurs in all social economic, religious, and cultural groups.And it can be the most damaging thing a man or woman could ever go through. In the US, a woman is beaten or assaulted every 9 seconds. At least one in every three women has been beaten, coerced into sex or otherwise abused during her lifetime all around the world. Most often, the abuser is a member of her own family. Domestic violence is the leading cause of injury to women – more than car accidents, muggings, and rapes combined. Studies suggest that up to 10 million children witness some form of domestic abuse annually.Nearly 1 in 5 teenage girls who have been in a relationship said a boyfriend threatened violence or self-harm if presented with a breakup. Every day in the US, more than three women are murdered by their husbands or boyfriends. 92% of women surveyed listed reducing domestic violence and sexual assaults as their top concern. Domestic violence victims lose nearly 8 million days of paid work per year in the US alone – the equivalent of 32,000 full-time jobs.Based on reports from 10 countries, between 55% and 95% of women who had been physically abused by their partners had never contacted non-governmental organizations, shelters, or the police for help. The costs of intimate partner violence in the US alone exceed $5. 8 billion per year: $4. 1 billion are for direct medical and health care ser vices, while productivity losses amount for nearly $1. 8 billion. Men who as children witnessed their parents' domestic violence were twice more likely to abuse their own wives than sons of nonviolent. He always apologized, and sometimes he would even cry because of the bruises he'd made on her arms or legs or her back. He would say that he hated what he'd done, but in the next breath tell her she'd deserved it. That if she'd been more careful, it wouldn't have happened. That if she'd been paying attention or hadn't been so stupid, he wouldn't have lost his temper. † -Nicholas Sparks, Safe Haven. When people think of abuse, they always seem to ask the question: â€Å"Why don't you just leave? ,† â€Å"Why did you stay so long in the first place? ,† â€Å"How could you love someone who did something like that to you? But it's not always that easy. A woman I know very well and am extremely close with was once affected by spousal abuse and she will be the first per son to say leaving was not only the hardest thing she's ever done, but the scariest and most complicated. This woman was beaten numerous times by a husband that â€Å"loved her. † â€Å"At first it wasn't so bad,† she recalls. â€Å"He wasn't always mean. And when he was being nice, I couldn't even remember the times he was being mean. † Abuse is a cycle. It can start out being once a year, once a month, and escalate to being numerous times a day.Abuse works sort of like the cycle of precipitation. When the sun heats up the body of water, it's like the man getting angry. As the water evaporates and rises into the air, it's like the yelling, name calling, emotional aspect of abuse is construed. As the water cools and condenses to become droplets, which form clouds, is when the pushing and the shoving and the slight hitting begin. When the water condenses and falls to the ground as rain or snow, is when the beating begins: the punching, the kicking, the mauling. A nd as the rain collects, is when apologizes and/or crying begins. The worst time was when we beat me so bad I couldn't open my eyes for a week,† my friends confines to me. â€Å"Once he got mad and punched me so hard he cracked my rib. † â€Å"He later got mad and kicked me out of the bed which surfaces the continuation of the breaking of the rib. † â€Å"He would lock my in the basement for hours just because he got mad. † â€Å"He would rip apart my clothes and take a hammer to all the jewelry I owned that wasn't on my body. † â€Å"He cheated on me. † â€Å"He undermined me, called me names, talked to me so bad I thought I was a monster. I would look in the mirror once a day just to brush my hair and put on my makeup. Now, as you read this I know you've asked yourself that universal question: â€Å"Why didn't you just leave? Why'd you let it get so bad? † But think when you were threatened weekly that he would not only kill you, bu t your family, and take your kids, leaving would probably be the last thing on your mind. â€Å"Why didn't you call the cops? † Well, when you wanted nothing more than to pretend that nothing was happening and everything was okay and you were normal just like everyone else, getting law enforcement involved and creating drama was the absolute last thing you wanted.But she did finally get the courage to leave when she thought of her oldest son, and how he'd be starting school soon. How could you send a child to school with them witnessing his mother getting beaten and him be able to actually lead a normal life? And believe me this not something that just happened out of the blue. It was an extraneous plan to get out without him hurting her, her family, and most importantly, their two sons. The story I'll never forget though, is months after she left, going back to pick up her son from the father's supervised visitation, he tried to kill her.Just thinking of this story sends chi lls down my spine and brings tears to my eyes. Their son had an event at Sunday school he was dying to go to, and he could only under one condition†¦ She had to go pick him up by herself. Thinking back upon this, she realizes what a stupid decision she made but at the time, she was focused on her the wants of her child. As she arrived at his house, she approached the door, having a gut feeling that something was really wrong but she suffaced the feeling and went inside to get her boy.Upon departure, the man that had formerly beaten her asked if he could walk her to the car. This was weird because he never asked for permission, but she just shrugged it off and agreed to it, which would prove later to be the worst decision of her life. As she reached over to buckle in her oldest son, she felt the hair on the back of her neck stand up, she knew something horrendous was momentarily about to happen. She turned around to her former husband, the former love of her life, blatantly stab bing her repeatedly in the chest with the sheer intention to murder her.As she sat there pressing against the steering wheel as hard as she could, her two children screaming bloody murder, this man, who â€Å"loved this woman more than that anything on the planet,† jabbed a knife into her chest twelve different times. If it hadn't been the man's mother running outside to see what all the commotion was about, this woman probably won't be here today. The woman is strongest, most courageous, most beautiful woman I know. She is my role model. She was dealt the worst card a life could of been dealt and struggled through it and is now one of the most happy women on the planet.This woman has been there for me through thick and thin. She is a pinochle of strength. She is the prime example that abuse could most possibly be the worst thing on this planet, but you can get through and even though at the time it make seem like it, it's not the end of the world. Just remember next you hear a story of abuse and think, â€Å"Why didn't they just leave? ,† think back to this woman story. See her struggles and difficulties. See how hard it was to escape. Next, time don't just judge the book by the cover. Open it up and read a few pages first. Abuse is an extremely serious thing that shouldn't be ignored.I know I sound like one of those commercials telling to call someone, let someone know it's happening to you. But it's the truth. The sooner you come out to someone about it, the closer you are to getting the courage to leave once and for all. Remember, it's not going to be an easy process but, in life, you have to work for the things you truly want and are truly important to you. And remember, you're not the only one. This happens to women all over the world. You're not alone, take a stand. By: Chelsea Fenwick 3rd Period * Statistics and facts taken from http://domesticviolencestatistics. org/domestic-violence-statistics/ Domestic violence Article Critique My article Is about the NFG football player Ray Rice who was caught on video surveillance beating up his fiancà ©Ã‚ ©e viscously until she fell unconscious. In the article it explains that sadly, the NFG has dealt with many domestic violence cases Just as bad as this one. In the criminal case, he can avoid prosecution and a criminal record by completing the pre-trial intervention program. Most people who do such an offence wouldn't be given this option to do instead.Many people believe that since he is professional athlete, he is able to go around the justice system in favor for himself. â€Å"Joana Rice has been supportive of her husband and criticized his indefinite suspension by the NFG†. I chose this quote because I found it very shocking that his fiancà ©Ã‚ ©e that was beaten up by Ray Rice is defending him and accusing the media for getting into their private lives. She is probably doing this out of fear from him.This relates to our Families In Canada class because It shows us what an abusive legislations Is and how the man thinks he Is more dominant then the woman. The mall reason why I chose this article was that It shocked me that his flan ©e was defending him after the incident and said the media should leave them alone. I also chose it because I know this is a regular issue in professional sports. Incidents like this happen a couple times a year and mainly in the NFG. To conclude this article teaches me that this is a bad example for information for parents and families.Class Question: Why do you think Ray Rice's fiancà ©Ã‚ ©e defended him after an incident like this? By: Matthew Tomato's RAY RICE By animators My article is about the NFG football player Ray Rice who was caught on video he is professional athlete, he is able to go around the Justice system in favor for relates to our Families in Canada class because it shows us what an abusive relationship is and how the man thinks he is more dominant then the woman. The m ain reason why I chose this article was that it shocked me that his fiancà ©Ã‚ ©e was

Summary and Assessment

Lesson 04. 07: Summary and Assessment using the Four Steps to Gang a Great Speech, write and deliver a speech presenting your Personal Brand Statement to a City Council. 1 . Complete the Speech Planning Gulled 2. Write a two- to three-minute speech using the notes you organized In the Speech Planning Guide. 3. Submit your notes and your written speech (two to three paragraphs) to your instructor. 4. Rehearse your speech. Speech Planning Guide Your local city council wants a student to share something he or she has learned in school.They want you to give them a two- to three minute speech about your Personal Brand Statement. Use the Brand Guide you created In Lesson 04. 04 as a reference when organizing your speech. Know your audience. To learn about your audience, you created a short questionnaire they filled out. Here are their responses: Length of speech: 2?3 minutes Location of speech: City Council Meeting, City Hall, Room 305 Number of people in audience: 10 What topics should I address?We are interested in what you have learned in your leadership class. Please address the following topics: How have you used your Personal Brand and open communication skills In your daily life? You created three targeted brand statements. Which of the three brand targets Is the most challenging for you, and why? (For example, your family, teachers, or friends could be some of your targets. ) What recommendations would you give to those who want to improve their PersonalBrand? Outline Your Presentation. Outline your entire presentation, from start to finish. This means that you should be clear about what your primary message is and create a plan to present your argument, or point of view, step by step. What topics should I address? Introduction Stories or examples to support your point Evidence to support your point A call to action, or an appeal to the audience to do something new or different as a result of your presentation. Conclusion

This Critique Will Discuss The Two Business Strategic...

This critique will discuss the two business strategic analysis models of SWOT and Porters 5 Forces, with a view to further understanding their application in Strategic Management. I will discuss the usefulness and applicability of these models in business today, and whether other contemporary models should be applied when exploring strategies for analysis. STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT In my readings for this critique, I learned Strategic Management has been difficult to define by both Academics and Scholars alike. The Strategic Management Journal article, â€Å"What is Strategic Management, Really? â€Å" references John Wiley as stating in part, Strategic Management is â€Å"fragmented and lacking a coherent identity†, which is ‘paradoxically at odds with†¦show more content†¦OPPORTUNITIES Are there current gaps in the market? Innovation? Are there political, economic, social or technological changes that could be favourable for you? THREATS What is your competition doing that could impact you? What changes could be unfavourable to you (Political, social, economic, technology)? What restraints – eg resourcing? EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT SWOT is considered a widely used tool to assist an organisation understand their business activity, both internally and externally. The intent is to not only formulate strategies that support the mission of the organisation but to avoid weaknesses, neutralise the threats and exploit opportunities and strengths. (Davidson et al 2009. P212). SWOT provides the guidelines for critically assessing what you’re doing right, what you’re doing wrong, who or what can take you down, and what you can do to get—and stay—ahead of the pack. The internal factors relate to the organisation s strengths and weaknesses, i.e. competency, and competitive viability. An internal analysis using the data generated by SWOT will assist in the development of planning objectives to grow and sustain a business. An analysis of the strength and competency would include technology and equipment to accomplish work, which would then support the brand identity, expertise, and resources of the business. The weaknesses are the opposite – poor technology, lack of expertise or deficient in assets. Once these deficiencies are revealed, theShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Corporate Social Responsibility On Todays Society1136 Words   |  5 PagesImportance of Corporate Social Responsibility in today’s society Before five years, I came across a situation which led me to think about the importance and need of social responsibility by business enterprises. To start off giving a brief background, my brother was a fresh graduate from the school of architecture where he got his first individual contract in India. He had to design a mall that was planned to kick start after few years. 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Censorship is in Contradiction to Children’s Rights Essay...

Censorship has become a long standing practice within our society. Who gets to decide what American citizens say, read or view? There are organizations that review and rate, guard or block information. Governmental entities create laws enforcing censorship and place judgment against those that break those laws. These restrictions often result in conflict against them and in favor of protecting our civil rights. The practice of censorship by authoritative, policy-making entities is in conflict to our constitutional rights, including the rights of our children. Establishments assume the responsibility to protect through censorship. Churches protect their members by prohibiting certain types of movies, music and even dancing. Schools†¦show more content†¦While this depiction is extremely exaggerated due to its satirical nature, the demonstration of the parents’ fanaticism and resulting neglect of child supervision and instruction should be seriously contemplated. (â€Å"Death†). If parents actively participate in their children’s entertainment choices, rather than prohibit, they will strengthen family bonds and provide emotional growth. It is truly our individual right in this country to choose what books we read and what they are about. Proof against censorship is demonstrated in the fact that an important work can be defended and reinstated and be acknowledged for its worth. â€Å"The First Amendment right to distribute literature also protects the right to receive it.† (â€Å"Students,† par. 5) Children need to learn about the freedom of choice. By insuring their freedom, instead of blocking these choices, children are more likely to gain an understanding of rights and independence. Further over-protection of our children is formally accepted and enforced in public schools in that prayer is no longer allowed in class. This act is done to eliminate discrimination against other religions that may attend. 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Comparing The Glass Menagerie and Death of a Salesman Essay

Both Death of a Salesman, and The Glass Menagerie have many things in common. They are both great plays, and both concern dysfunctional families. But there is a deeper similarity to these great literary works. The similarity between the parents. Due to Willy Loman and Amanda Wingfields lack of coping skills, as well as their inability to let go or accept their past, their children are ill-equipped to deal with the future. Willy and Amanda are parents who love their children very much. They cant accept the mistakes theyve made in the past. This inability to deal with the past leaves them living in it. Their children are seldom given the example of how to work for the future. Amanda and Willy dont set goals for their children,†¦show more content†¦When the boys are in they are in their 30s, Willy focuses on the past, too mentally ill to think of Happy or his feelings. Happy spends most of his life in the shadow of his brother. Nothing Happy did is ever good enough for Willy and Happy dont truly get to know each other. As shown in the text after Willys death when Happy is speaking of memories of his father. Willys desire to live in the past comes from his loathing of the way his life turned out. Willy always wanted to be special and unique, he wanted to be idolized. He wanted to be smart, great, intelligent, classy, idolized. When Willy never achieved this greatness, he longed to go back in time, so he could redo things. Of course, this is impossible. So Willy began to live in the past in his mind. Willy also tried to make Biff into everything Willy always wanted to be, yet never was. Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie, has the same parental problems. However, Williams novel shows a mother who has trouble leaving her past behind her, and accepting what he children are, and what they will never be. Amanda Wingfields two children, Laura and Tom have many issues, and are very complex characters. If there is a signature character type that marks Tennessee Williamss dramatic work, it is undeniably that of the faded Southern belle; Amanda is a clear representative of this type. Amanda fits into the category of a typical Williams southernShow MoreRelatedDeath Of A Salesman And The Glass Menagerie1452 Words   |  6 PagesTime and space is an intriguing concept. Arthur Millers (1949) Death of a Salesman and Tennessee Williams (1945) The Glass Menagerie both implement these concepts in different ways. Death of a Salesman is told through a man who is imagining his memories, while at the same time, living his everyday life. The Glass Menagerie similarly is being told through the narrator, Tom Wingfields memories, but not while he is living his present life. The characters in both stories similarly reminisce of theRead MoreDeath of a Salesman (Analysis and Personal Reaction)2850 Words   |  12 PagesDeath of Salesman is a a very deep play written by Arthur Miller about a salesman struggling to keep his grip on reality and his family. This play is a memory play, switching from present to past and vice versa whenever Willy, the salesman and father of the family, has a moment of insanity and returns to times gone by. Being memory, it allows for music to announce emotions and characters, and well as exaggerations and/or omissions. As Tom says in Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie: Being a

Global Supply Chain Management Automobile Industry

Question: Describe about the Global Supply Chain Management for Automobile Industry. Answer: Introduction In the world of globalization it is impossible to avoid risks, but if looked from a different angle it offers an opportunity to company to adapt a complex yet different situation which is quite necessary in competitive world. Supply chain management implies things will not generally work out as expected and the firm is having the appropriate framework to make it even through unexpected (ACMA 2006). In automotive industry to manage inventory is a challenging task and many times it even create scandals which are hard to handle. For example, BMWs general manager Paul Miller was confident enough for balancing supply with demand and then came the prodigious recession and he was forced to invent a plan from scratch. All the experience could not save the company from huge loss. And it was then when they realized the need to tighten up the procedure of inventory management and control (ACMA 2006). It is necessary to build up a suitable plan for the entire activities of store and purchase department to have the enhanced control over the inventory. Inventory comes under one of the vital aspect of present resources and it grants smooth operation of sales and production department. Management of Inventory is concerned with investing finest amount in operations and effectively managing control system in order to reduce the cost of inventory. Subsequently, Inventory bears a holding cost so it is constantly desired that a fine amount is invested in stock which is possible at minimum. Stock must be available in legitimate amount when needed, neither it should be too much nor should be too less than desired. If the inventory is not adequate it could undesirably affect sales and production department which would disturb smooth run of business. While, abundance of stock involves increased cost and decreased profit (Humphrey 2009). Literature Review Dutta Smriti Mahavidyalaya and Niranjan Manadal conducted a study over inventory management and the importance of inventory and its impact on profitability and liquidity, also on non-insurable threats of ONGC, which is a prominent public sector industry. Along with co-relation between both profitability and liquidity as well as between risk and profitability, their study also observed and tested the profitability and liquidity position of the industry. As per the results given by Dutta and Manandal inventory management is essential to confirm enhanced productive capacity, sound liquidity and good profitability of an automobile industry. Bernard Abraham and William Koti studied and examined present rules and regulations of stock management at some Indian automobile industry Ashok Leyland Ltd. They conducted a study to find out the strengths and weaknesses of the company, also what are the possible threats that are likely to happen so that pre-hand measures could be maintained in case of any emergency. According to their analysis Ashok Leyland Ltd. needs to focus on incentivize cash sales, digital sales and also must monitor a projecting model which could capture preferences and tastes of consumers (Swaminathan 2006). Another researcher Jasmine Fernandez studied the problems concerned with management of assets, liabilities, and co-relation that exists amongst them. She studied the problems in a two-dimensional way to examine measures and procedures of investment management, rules and regulations of cash management, principles evaluation, payable and receivable management dealing with, by the analysis of trends of stock and capital control board, and also to provide an inventory plan that could facilitate right stock management. According to her study she found a deadlock amid profitability and liquidity. Also, the company was achieving an adjustment amid risk and return. Pradeep Singh, the aim of his research was to examine the effect of companys principal expenses on stock and inventory management. To study this he utilized Working Capital Requirement and Net Liquidity Balance by Shulman and Cox, to determine companys working capital and then provided various regression models. He concluded that the capital expenses do have a powerful impact on stock management. He also stated that companys operational cash flow, a control variable is correlated to stock management (Swaminathan 2006). Major issues in Automobile supply chains An apt definition for supply chains is web of organisations which are included through downstream and upstream connections, in the distinctive procedures and exercises which produce results as proving services and products in the hands of consumer and thus could be defined as an aggregate of struggles to integrate a network of companies and synchronization in financial, material and information flows. Strangely, the main two production network objectives have moved, from lessening working expenses and general stock levels, to worries of how to enhance client administration and rate of item conveyance to business sectors. The above figure represents a very basic supply chain of automotive industry which is comprised of networks of small supply chains and every supply chain has its own unique features. Trends in Automobile Supply Chain The current trend of the automobile industry that affects the supply chain can be seen in the table below. Bernard significantly articulated that a supply chain essentially be custom fitted in view of particular necessities of the item being produced. Especially for the multifarious car industry where, the maker needs to battle with a system with multiple supply chains. (Joshi, Nepal, Rathore and Sharma 2013). Trends in Demand Trends in Supplies Irregular Progress The demand for automotive is high in Eastern Asia, and Europe, whereas US and Japan who are well established in this industry are flat to deteriorating. And this irregular growth raises allegations on supply chains. Distinguished Outsourcing To profit by subcontracting, production System management traders should compromise flexible, specific activities on the grounds that not each producer will focus on the same center abilities as well as, capacities. Disintegration A blend of client interest for personalization, a perfect product for the perfect timing, and producers overcoming new client portions are making designers to enhance their product list. The ecological development is empowering disintegration significantly more, with the help of growing concerns for fuel proficient automobiles rather than high duel consumption. Low Cost Country Sourcing The reduced price isn't all that matters suppliers and makers have to concern about entire cost of outsource, which includes quality of work, logistics, and administration. This procedure has been referred as best for cost-nation-sourcing, also for store network administration suppliers speaks to another chance to support, empower, oversee, and streamline sourcing. Augmented Instability In present scenario, an advanced level of adaptability and receptiveness must be implicit in advance so that traders could reply instantly when in-general product quantity are sometimes not as required or at a point when product mix is different from estimations. Risk Management Many of the automobile manufacturers concur that the risk to supply chains management has expanded. Characteristic fiascos, assassination, workplace disputes, also, scale of reliance on accomplices and suppliers are only a few regions that need solid abilities in danger administration. Aftermarket Some of the important areas are getting neglected such as aftermarket business, despite the fact that it creates the biggest offer of OEM and merchant benefits Transparency and Accountability Suppliers must convey execution and results in a straightforward way. Supply Chain Challenges The various global level challenges in supply chain management include risk management, increasing customer demands and globalization, cost containment and visibility. There is one interesting fact in supply chains of automobile industry that it lags behind other pharmaceutical and retails supply chains in the five parameters stated above which clearly indicates that the considerable movements has a great need and scope to be more responsive and effective (Swaminathan 2006). Extensive demand forecasting cycle and incapable to see production, material and supplier constraints, results in delays of delivery of products. A global economic emergency is faced by this industry which led to higher pressure on its performance. High expenditures and fewer profits are persistent encounters in this industry. Just a few companies are able to achieve acceptable results such as BMW, Porsche, Honda and Toyota; prominent tier-1 providers for instance Denso and Bosch (Joshi, Nepal, and Sharma 2013). In this self-motivated professional atmosphere, a predominant inventory network is one basic component to help manufacturers of automobile separate themselves from the opposition. Indeed, a large number of patterns in the vehicle business are strengthening the necessity to enhance and reclassify store network systems, designs, and procedures. Strategies and Innovative Plans to Accommodate Challenges The concerns associated to present supply chain management complexities, challenges and practices are indications that automobile industry is in a very modest stage. Hence there is a need to distinguish significant contemporary patterns that the business is prone to confront later on and thus, progressively acclimate corresponding supply chains to keep up and improve their focused verge (Schwarz 2008). Strategies An innovative plan is required to overcome the issues and meet challenges and improve competitiveness. The plan has been summarised in four elements which are as follows: Supply chain procedures and product improvement Leagile procedures must be incorporated in supply chain management for automobile by progressively situating the de-coupled point furthermore rolling out improvements in essential automobile plan in light product policy and secluded organizing of sub-frameworks. Coordination of demand (assortment) of automobiles with gatherings/segments supply over expanded deceivability, improving administration levels, client connections and aptitude improvement are few of the contemporary goals (Schwarz 2008). Universal viewpoint Concentration on creating as well as sustaining abroad arcades particularly in auto component sector, LCVs and small car by embracing a universal viewpoint to supplier administration, fabricating, deals, and so forth. Government Involvement Administrative involvements, for example, a positive assessment administration, improving RD abilities particularly associated with cross breed auto innovations and power device improvement and structure are important to upgrade the segment's competitive power (Drucker 2013). Merchant networks Supplier systems need to be galvanised, particularly in SME segment to embrace worldwide advancements as well as observations. Outsourcing must not be relied only upon cost but also on engineering, innovation and capabilities of design. Manufacturers of automobile and chief traders must trust aligned business framework, build sustainability through enhanced collaboration, formulate selection criteria and rationalise supplier base. Connect Supply Chain to New Product Schemes to Manage Over-all Enterprise Cost To manage and reduce costs related to sales and marketing, operations and research and development supply chain must be connected to new product schemes by: Managing material and capacities over the entire world network. Automobile industry requires a worldwide perspective of interest in a typical configuration to decide on limit administration, source and productive allotment of automobile and alternative substance. Improve cost, network records and demand to supply procedure. In an automobile industry clients anticipate more goods in less cost, and controllers anticipate higher fuel economy, lower emissions and more safety. Maintainable raw-material and enhanced supply chain. When automotive includes more propelled advancements, the substantial element of automobile turns out to be much diverse. Volkswagen from a long time using justifiable raw material in its products and basis through traders who exhibit manageable business procedures, comprising regards for human rights and the earth (Veloso 2000). The management concerned with logistics determines for organization of conventional commercial cost centres for example warehousing, transportation, manufacturing and purchasing in order to perceive utilitarian cooperative energies inside the firm to better satisfy client prerequisites. If the supplier-buyer associations are made stronger it will improve execution all through the series. of the store network by the force accomplice may prompt dissention and under execution, accordingly harming the force holder. In like manner, a sensible utilization of force may serve to advantage the force holder (Veloso 2000). Future Trends and contemporary supply chain management practices The 'green insurgency' and 'portability transformation' (both individual versatility and open transportation) will be the significant drivers for the car business later on which in India will bring about advancement of rustic markets, feeder administrations between transportation modes also, interest for mass versatility vehicles requiring re-arrangement of present day store network objectives. Secluded item outline includes separating a "mind boggling framework into various littler, discrete, adaptable, bury variable, reusable and independent practical segments alternately modules which can be composed and grew independently and after that collected to frame the whole framework flawlessly" NSDC, (2010). Seclusion is progressively turning into a standard in the car business, encouraging dexterity, with a multi-layered supplier system, involving less immediate suppliers having a bigger part in configuration, improvement and worth creation. Lucas TVS is a case of an Indian organization which has concentrated on operational perfection with store network best practices of 'particular fabricating' through their New Product Introduction Teams (NPIT) for new ventures which are cross practical in nature. In a matter of seconds the business faces numerous hindrances in actualizing earth responsive supply chains running from absence of attention to switch logistics to monetary requirements. The issue of worldwide prerequisites of maintainability, for accomplishing aggressive separation, will affect the working of Indian car supply chains adding to its unpredictability uniquely identifying with expansion of practical green store network practices, for example, reusing and turn around logistics in Tier 1 and 2 suppliers (Drucker 2013). Reverse logistics is a noteworthy production network challenge uncommonly in nature in which the business works, Universal Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains requiring a very much composed, powerful 'turn around store network' which becomes an integral factor in the event of vehicle reviews and in India, dissimilar to in created nations, is found in a negative connection ringing out "doubt and dread" in clients. An illustration is the late instance of review of Ford Eco Sport Utility vehicles not long after its dispatch in June 2013 (because of an issue in a shine plug module) which significantly harmed the brand esteem NSDC, (2010). A paradigm BTO-SC had been tried in automobile industry of Germany and the operation was successful. This project was designed for an application that might be able to meet changing customer demands. The triumph of the project is based on integration and close collaboration with suppliers along with IT infrastructure which must be combined with scheduling process and efficient production (Saad and Patel 2006). In the present time of economic slowdown and increased competitiveness automobile service policy is an evolving field. Extending an administration system, utilizing innovation as a organiser besides aptitude improvements that might guarantee that much clients will use OEM approved administration office as opposed to workshops in the disorderly part similar to the pattern in India. This calls for a totally new inventory network worldview to be planned and executed. Conclusion In a profoundly focused atmosphere, a compelling as well as productive global store set-up is an absolute necessity for automobile manufacturers and their traders. The commercial act is accessible to a set of elementary problems and arrangements, which although does not hastens the necessity to adjust operations and production network system but slowly it drives towards the need. Communication and constant datas requirement is growing daily in the supply chain management system. Also, streamlining the inventory system at a place where conditions are favourable for the material to be kept i.e. weather and other conditions do not affect the quality of the raw material and the products, keeps the cost of holding under control (Saad and Patel 2006). In respect to the green challenge, the emphasis on nature may reshape this inventory network situation significantly all the more fundamentally. Growing control concerns, vitality costs as well as demands from positive and constructive clients need a declination in carbon use while manufacturing products (Drucker 2013). References John, S. (2004) The Auto-Component Supply Chain In China And India - A Benchmarking Study; London School Of Economics And Political Science. Karthik, B. (2006) Indian Auto Supply Chain At The Cross-Roads; New York University, New York. Thomas, K. (2013) The Automotive Supply Chain in the New Normal: Analysis of the Industry Opportunities, Retrieved July 26, 2016 from : www.scmresources.ca/documents/. Drucker, P. (2013) The Concept of the Corporation, John Day, New York. [3]AT Kearney, The Contribution of the Automobile Industry to Technology and Value Creation, Available: www.atkearney.com NSDC, (2010) Human Resource and Skill Requirements in the Auto and Auto Components Sector A Report, Retrieved July 26, 2016 from: www.nsdcindia.org. Veloso, F. (2000) The automotive supply chain: Global Trends and Asian Perspectives, MIT. Retrieved July 25, 2016 from: www.in3.dem.ist.utl.pt. Humphrey, J. (2009) Globalisation and Supply Chain Networks: the Auto Industry in Brazil and India, Global Production and Local Jobs, International Institute for Labour Studies, Auto Report. Retrieved July 26, 2016 from: www.scotiabank.com. PwC, (2013) Next generation supply chains Efficient, fast and tailored, Global Supply Chain Survey. Retrieved July 26, 2016 from: Available:https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/consulting-services/supply-chain/global- supplychain-survey/assets/pwc-next-generation-supply-chains-pdf.pdf. Automotive (2006) Automotive Mission Plan A Mission for Development of Indian Automotive Industry, Ministry of Heavy Industries Public Enterprises, Government of India. Retrieved July 26, 2016 from https://dhi.nic.in. Auto SCM India (2006) Background note on Supply Chain management in Automotive Industry, Chennai. ACMA (2006), Presentation on Auto Component Industry in India: Growing Capabilities and Strengths. Retrieved July 25, 2016 from www.acma.in. Ray, S. (2012) Economic Performance of Indian Automobile Industry : An Econometric Appraisal, Business Intelligence Journal, Vol. 5, No.1. AT Kearney (2013) Building world class supply chain in India, Conference on Auto Supply Chain Management. Retrieved July 27, 2016 from: www.atkearney.com. KPMG (2006) Indian Automotive Supply Chain A Discussion paper. 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(2013) Unintended Acceleration : Toyotas Recall Crisis, Kellog School of Management Case study, KEL 5981